Device for surface treatment of material

ABSTRACT

A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between peripherally coacting roller and counter roller surfaces exerting a pressure onto one another during relative rotation under the action of magnetic forces. The device comprises at least two rollers of magnetizable material spaced apart and coacting peripherally with at least two other counter rollers usually having non-magnetic peripheries, and with a magnet body interposed generally between the first-mentioned rollers so as to exert a magnetic attractive force thereon such that regardless of the form and number of rollers opposite components of the magnetic attractive force between the magnet body and rollers of magnetizable material lie in intersecting planes connecting the respective axes of the counter rollers and the axis of the roller of magnetizable material which they adjoin. The counter rollers are disposed parallel to and are equally spaced at opposite sides of the magnet body and at least one of the rollers of magnetizable material, and in another embodiment from both of said rollers. Further forms embody respectively three and four of the rollers of magnetizable material arranged peripherially in a spaced apart manner alternately engaging with interposed counter rollers and having a centrally disposed non-rotatable magnet body with a plurality of opposite polarity pole faces corresponding in number to and disposed adjacent the first-mentioned rollers, and the rollers therearound form a static closed system in which the rollers and magnet longitudinal bodies are not subjected to longitudinal deflection in most forms, and in others only to minimal deflection during operation. Still further more preferred forms embody circumferentially disposed coacting rollers and counter rollers disposed concentrically around a central roller with which only the counter rollers also peripherally coact during relative rotation of the rollers, and with said counter rollers usually being mounted at a uniform diameter form the axis of the center roller which diameter is less than that of the other rollers. The magnet body in one of these latter forms includes having the form of separate magnet bars interposed radially between the center roller and the rollers of magnetizable material and extending longitudinally over the length of the rollers. Another form has the magnet bodies in the form of a plurality of opposite polarity pole faces integrally disposed in a circumferentially spaced manner around the periphery of the central rotatable roller to exert the aforestated magnetic attractive forces sequentially on the encircled rollers thereabout during operation.

United States Patent 1191 Kraft et a1.

[ DEVICE FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF MATERIAL [76] Inventors: Rupert Kraft, Piertstrasse 8;

Johannes Zimmer, Ebenthalerstrasse 133, both of Klagenfurt, Austria [22] Filed: June 21, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 154,923

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 786,137, Dec. 23, 1968, Pat. No.

[52] US. Cl. 1011/1611,100/l6l,l00/l76, l00/DIG. 17 [51] Int. Cl. ..B30b 3/02 [58] Field of Search ....l00/155, 160,169-171, 100/176, DIG. 17; 18/2 C;226/152, 176, 181; 162/358-360 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,413,915 12/1968 Goodwin et a1. ..l00/D1G. 17 3,556,000 l/l97l Goodwin et a1. ..1 100/169 Primary Examiner-Peter Feldman Attorney-E. F. Wenderoth et al.

ABSTRACT rollers usually having non-magnetic peripheries, and

with a magnet body interposed generally between the first-mentioned rollers so as to exert a magnetic at W [111 3,720,160 [451March 13, 119 73 tractive force thereon such that regardless of the form and number of rollers opposite components of the magnetic attractive force between the magnet body and rollers of magnetizable material lie in intersecting planes connecting the respective axes of the counter rollers and the axis of the roller of magnetizable material which they adjoin. The counter rollers are disposed parallel to and are equally spaced at opposite sides of the magnet body and at least one of the rollers of magnetizable material, and in another embodiment from both of said rollers. Further forms embody respectively three and four of the rollers of magnetizable material arranged peripherially in a spaced apart manner alternately engaging with interposed counter rollers and having a centrally disposed non-rotatable magnet body with a plurality of opposite polarity pole faces corresponding in number to and disposed adjacent the first-mentioned rollers, and the rollers therearound form a static closed system in which the rollers and magnet longitudinal bodies are not subjected to longitudinal deflection in most forms, and in others only to minimal deflection during operation. Still further more preferred forms embody circumferentially disposed coacting rollers and counter rollers disposed concentrically around a central roller with which only the counter rollers also peripherally coact during relative rotation of the rollers, and with said counter rollers usually being mounted at a uniform diameter form the axis of the center roller which diameter is less than that of the other rollers. The magnet body in one of these latter forms includes having the form of separate magnet bars interposed radially between the center roller and the rollers of magnetizable material and extending longitudinally over the length of the rollers. Another form has the magnet bodies in the form of a plurality of opposite polarity pole faces integrally disposed in a circumferentially spaced manner around the periphery of the central rotatable roller to exert the aforestated magnetic attractive forces sequentially on the encircled rollers thereabout during operation.

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Attorneys DEVICE FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF MATERIAL This application is a Divisional Application of our parent case Ser. No. 786,137 filed Dec. 23, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,641,928.

This invention relates to a device for surface treatment of material, said material being moved between rollers exerting a pressure on each other'under the action of magnetic forces. Calenders are preferred examples of such devices.

In order to eliminate the difficulties arising in the paper and textile industries in the case of normally weight-loaded calenders and great working breadths, magnet calenders have been proposed showing a regular line pressure. In this case, a roller of magnetizable material, e.g. a steel roller, is attracted by a magnet roller and the material to be treated is passed between one or more of such pairs of rollers.

It is a special advantage that magnet calenders of this kind do not show any deflection of the rollers because they pull each other and thus produce a regular line pressure over the whole working length.

It is a shortcoming in these magnet calender constructions that two rollers having a hard surface act upon each other and that the material to be treated lies in the magnetic field between the two rollers pulling each other, and therefore forms a more or less large gap; the latter causes an important magnetic loss when it is overcome. Such magnet calenders are only adapted for small material thicknesses and materials which are to be treated with hard rollers from both sides.

In most cases of the use of calenders, a roller having a hard surface, e.g. a roller of steel, is to be followed by a roller having a soft surface, e.g. a roller coated with paper, rubber or plastic material. If a magnet roller directly acted upon such a coated calender roller, important losses would occur because the coating of the one roller corresponds to a gap from the magnetotechnical viewpoint. As a result, especially in the case of larger material thicknesses, the desired amounts of pressure are hardly achieved. This is especially true when permanent magnet rollers are used, since their power is restricted. In the case of high power electromagnets, however, a great amount of heat develops and therefore a difficult cooling problem results.

It is an object of the invention to create a system of bodies acting upon each other by magnetic forces wherein, without important magnetic losses, rollers having a relatively soft surface can be used and can be pressed onto a similar roller or rollers having a hard surface.

According to the invention, these shortcomings are eliminated in that at least one of the rollers is of magnetizable material and at least one magnet body attracting this roller is provided. The roller of magnetizable material contacts at least one backup counter roller (calender roller) of any desired material and a component or the resultant of the magnetic attractive force between the roller of magnetizable material and the one or more magnet bodies lies in the plane connecting the axes of the roller of magnetizable material and the counter roller (calender roller).

The roller of magnetizable material can be a solid steel roller or a roller having a steel surface and any desired core. Conveniently, the one or more magnet bodies are magnet bars, especially the unilaterally acting, bar-shaped magnet bodies having the form of carriers resistant to bending of equal solidity. The preferably bar-shaped magnet bodies may consist of electromagnets or permanent magnets, and shall also be adjustable in the latter case. The counter rollers or calender rollers may have any desired coating corresponding to the purpose of use, they may especially be rollers having a soft surface. The distances of the calender rollers shall be variable and adjustable to the preset material thickness.

The system according to the invention of bodies acting upon each other by magnetic forces may be arranged in such a manner and this is a particular advantage of the invention that the rollers and magnet bodies applied form a closed static system, wherein the rollers and magnet bodies are only slightly subjected to deflection.

Embodiments of the invention are hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, without being limited to them. Special emphasis will be directed to the so-called component forms of FIGS. 4 and 14-20, inclusive.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of the different basic systems of embodiments of the construction according to the invention.

FIGS. 3-20 illustrate several embodiments derived from these basic systems; FIGS. 3, 4, 5,7, 9, 11-16, and 18-20 are schematic views and FIGS. 6, 8, 10, 15 and 17 are side views of practical solutions. FIGS. 5 and 6, 7 and 8,9 and 10, 14 and 15, 16 and 17 being together.

FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a simple basic system wherein the contact pressure between a roller 1 of magnetizable material (which is usually a steel roller having a hard surface) and two rollers 2 of any desired material (usually having a soft surface) is produced, each by one component K of the magnetic attractive force M between one magnet body 3 and the roller ll of magnetizable material. The material to be treated 4 is passed between the roller 1 and the rollers 2. Thus, it is not passed by the magnetic field which is formed between the magnet body 3 and the roller 1. Thus, the material thickness does not influence the amount of force between the rollers l and 2 when a thicker or thinner material 4 is treated.

FIG. 2 illustrates another basic system wherein the contact pressure between a roller 1 of magnetizable material (which usually is a steel roller having a hard surface) and a roller 2 (usually having a soft surface) is produced by the resultant of the magnetic forces M and M between the magnet bodies 3 on the one hand and the rollers 1 on the other. The material 4 to be treated is passed between the roller 1 and the roller 2. Thus, again it is not passed by the magnetic field which is formed between the magnet bodies 3 on the one hand and the roller 1 on the other. Thus, the thickness of the material has no influence either on the amount of force between the rollers l and 2.

Numerous variants of enlarged systems may be derived from these two simple basic systems as is hereinafter shown in the embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a calender wherein a plurality of rollers l, 2 and 5 are superposed in a vertical row in the usual way. The material 4 to be treated passes through all roller slots from the top to the bottom. The roller 1 and are smooth steel rollers, i.e. rollers having a hard surface, whereas the rollers 2 have a soft coating 6 and thus a soft surface. Only two magnet bars 3, whose pole faces 3' are formed in such a manner that, adapted to the roller, they form only a very small gap, act upon the topmost roller 1. Preferably the magnet bars 3 are magnetized over their whole breadth (parallel to the roller axes) in such a manner that the magnetic flux is closed by the roller 1 over the gap. The roller 1 is pulled by the two magnet bars 3 and is subjected to a resultant pressure perpendicularly to the bottom, which acts in all roller slots lying thereunder and is regular over the whole breadth of the rollers. In this arrangement, the magnet bars 3 and the roller 5 are subjected to deflection and must therefor be sufficiently resistant to bending.

The calender schematically shown in FIG. 4 shows a plurality of rollers 2 superposed at a distance in a vertical row which have a soft coating 6. The bottommost roller is a steel roller 5. A magnet bar 3 is provided between each of the rollers 2 or 5. These magnet bars 3 pull steel rollers 1 into the gap between the rollers 2 or 5 and together form an open loop magnetic circuit. In this case, the magnetic force between the magnet bars 3 and the steel rollers 1 has components lying in the direction of the straight line connecting the axes of the steel roller 1 on the one hand and the covered softer calender rollers 2 or the bottommost steel roller 5 on the other hand. Thus, the steel rollers I produce a pressure onto the material 4 at the contact lines with the soft calender rollers 2 or the roller 5. Preferably this calender is provided with a device which permits adjustable variance the distance of the rollers 2 and the magnet bars 3, in accordance with the material thickness so that the gap between the pole faces 3' of the magnet bars 3 and the steel rollers 1 remains constantly small. In thecase of the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the steel roller 5 and the topmost roller 2 are subjected to deflection and must therefor be sufficiently resistant to bending.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a roller press wherein two steel rollers l and two magnet bars 3 in the roller slots are provided. These two magnet bars 3 pull the steel rollers 1 over a gap which is larger than the thickness of the material 4. The attractive forces between the pole faces 3' of the magnet bars 3 show a resultant which presses the two steel rollers 1 onto each other. In this arrangement there are no bending stresses on the steel rollers l, and only small bending stresses on the magnet bars 3. Therefore, the magnet bars 3 are to be resistant to bending accordingly.

FIG. 6 is a side view of a practical embodiment of the roller press shown merely schematically in FIG. 5. One of the two steel rollers 1 is firmly mounted at the end of a swivel arm 7. The magnet bars 3 are mounted at the front sides on the side plates 8 of the frame.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a roller press wherein a roller 2 having a coating 6 is arranged between two steel rollers l. The steel rollers 1 are attracted by the magnet bars 3 over a gap which is larger than the thickness of the material 4. The magnet forces between the pole faces 3' of the magnet bars 3 and the steel rollers 1 show a resultant by which the steel rollers l are pressed against the roller 2. In this case too, merely the magnet bars 3 are subjected to deflection and must be sufficiently resistant to bending. FIG. 8 shows a practical embodiment of the roller press schematically shown in FIG. 7. The magnet bars 3 are mounted on strong ground and overhead beams 9. The roller 2 is stationarily mounted on the side plates 10 of the frame, whereas the steel rollers 1 are mounted on bearing levers 11 which are rotatably mounted on the side plates 12. If the lower magnet bar 3 is solely used, the pressure on the material 4 is increased relative to the lever transmission.

In the roller arrangement schematically shown in FIG. 9, three steel rollers are arranged in a triangle, a magnet bar 3 being arranged between two steel rollers 1, the pole faces 3 of said magnet bars turned to the steel rollers 1 lying symmetrically to the connecting planes of the roller axes. A further roller 2 consituting a back-up or counter roller and having a coating 6 is arranged in the center of the roller arrangement. The magnetic forces acting between the steel rollers l and the magnet bars 3 show a resultant action for each of the steel rollers l pressing the steel rollers 1 onto the central counter roller 2.

As the material 4 passes through two of the gaps between the magnet bars 3 and the steel rollers 1, these gaps have to be larger than the thickness of the material 4. The arrangement according to FIG. 9 shows a closed static system wherein neither the rollers nor the magnet bars are subjected to. deflection. FIG. 10 shows a practical embodiment of the calender schematically shown in FIG. 9. The lower steel rollers l and the central roller 2 are firmly mounted on the frame. The upper steel roller 1 is mounted in vertically movable guide bearings 13 which are provided on two opposite side plates 14. The magnet bars 3 are mounted at the front sides on the side plates 14.

FIG. 11 is a schematic variant of the calender arrangement according to FIG. 9 wherein, instead of only one central roller 2, three rollers 2 are arranged in the space enclosed by the steel rollers l and the magnet bars 3 or 3A and 3B, which support on the steel rollers l on the one hand and on a central steel roller 15 on the other. Furthermore, two of the magnet bars are divided into two partial bars 3A and 3B. Thus the material 4 is introduced through the gap between the one pair of partial bars 3A and 3B and is removed through the gap between the other pair of partial bars 3A and 3B. The thin rollers 15 are pure reverse rollers. In the gap between the partial bars 3A and 33 a magnetic field is formed in such manner that the two partial bars 3A and 38 as well as the undivided magnet bar 3 form a unit. This system, like that according to FIG. 9, is in static balance.

FIG. 12 shows a further variant of FIG. 9. Four steel rollers 1 arranged in a square are provided between which the magnet bars 3 are arranged in the connecting planes of the roller axes. In the center a roller 2 having a soft coating 6 is provided. As can be seen from FIG. 13, the four steel rollers 1 can also be arranged in a square standing on top. Inside the space enclosed by the steel rollers 1 and the magnet bars 3, a plurality of rollers are arranged. The rollers 2, which touch the steel rollers l, the rollers 16, lying between the rollers 2, and the roller 17 in the center. The resultants of the magnetic forces between the steel rollers l and the magnet bars caused a pressure of the rollers 2 directed to the center, whereby the rollers 16 are pressed toward the center, i.e. towards the roller 17 arranged there. In this arrangment, the material 4 is subjected to a pressure on numerous roller slots. The arrangement according to FIG. 12, as well as that of FIG. 13, shows a system in static balance without being subjected to deflection.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14, three steel rollers 1 are provided in triangle which, in contrast with the preceding embodiments, are attracted by a central magnet bar 3 or by its pole faces 3 radially to the center of the system. The steel rollers 1 support on the rollers 2 having'a coating 7. Between the steel rollers 1 and the rollers 2, a pressure acts which is a component of the attractive force between the steel roller 1 concerned and the pole face 3' of the magnet bar. The axes of the rollers 2 lie in the connecting plane of the axes of the adjacent steel rollers 1. In this arrangement neither the magnet bars 3 nor the rollers 1 and 2 are subjected to deflection.

FIG. is a practical embodiment of the arrangement schematically shown in FIG. 14. The frontal sides or ends of the central magnet bar 3 are firmly mounted on the side plates 18 of the frame. Furthermore, the right lower steel roller 1 is firmly mounted in the side plates 18. The other two steel or primary rollers l and the counter rollers 2 are adjustably mounted in slots 19 of the side plates 18.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 16, four magnet bars are arranged in cross-shape. Four steel rollers are attracted by the pole faces 3' of the relatively stationary magnet bars 3 and are pressed towards the rollers 2 having a coating 6 under the action of a component of this attractive force. The four magnet bars 3 are seated on a common carrier 20. In this system, according to FIG. 16, neither the rollers 11 and 2 nor the magnet bars 3 are subjected to deflections.

FIG. 17 shows a practical embodiment of the arrangement schematically shown in FIG. 16. The carrier 20 of the magnet bars is frontally mounted on the side plates 21. The rollers 2 are firmly mounted in these side plates 21. The steel rollers 1, however, are adjustably mounted in slots 22, the two lower steel rollers having a weight relief by springs 23 (or by pneumatically or hydraulically admitted pistons).

FIG. 18 shows an embodiment wherein a plurality of rollers 2 having a coating 6 are arranged around a central roller 24 of magnetizable material. Between the rollers 2, magnet bars 3 are provided which act on both sides, e.g. having pole faces 3' projecting outside and inside. These magnet bars 3' acting on both sides attract the steel rollers across a small gap which produces a regular pressure biasing them towards the coated rollers 2 over the material breadth, whereby the rollers are supported on the central roller 24 which keeps the whole system in balance. All rollers can be radially adjusted in accordance with the thickness of the material 4. The steel rollers 1 can also be exchanged in such a manner that the'gap between the latter and the magnet bars 3 remains the same, even if strong materials 4 are to be treated.

The arrangement according to FIG. 19 also shows a central roller. However, this central roller is a magnet roller 25 which is used in this embodiment instead of the bar-shaped, non-rotating magnet body of the other embodiments. A plurality of steel rollers 1 is arranged around the magnet roller 23 which is attracted by the magnet roller 25, but does not touch the latter. The rollers 2 preferably having a soft or nommagnetic coating 6 are arranged between the steel rollers I. By the action of the magnetic force between the central magnet roller 25 and the steel rollers 1, the latter are pressed towards the rollers 2 and those toward the surface of the magnet roller 25. In principle the reverse case is also possible; the central roller can be a roller of magnetizable material (steel roller) and peripheral magnet rollers are used instead of the rollers 1.

In the embodimentaccording to FIG. 20, a central non-rotating magnet bar 3 is provided having a plurality of pole faces 3' to which a corresponding plurality of steel rollers 1 having a gap are opposed. According to the essential feature of the invention, the pressure on the material 4 to be treated is not directly exerted between the magnet body (magnet bar 3) and one of the rollers attracted by the magnet body (steel rollers l), but between two of the adjacent steel rollers l which are pressed or biased towards each other by a component of the attractive force between the magnet bar 3 and the steel rollers l.

The following remarks are added to the embodiments described which are not limited to this number within the scope of the invention.

The rollers 1 which in all embodiments are described as being attracted by the magnet bodies 3, 3A, 3B and 25 directly across a small gap consist of magnetizable material. Usually they are solid steel rollers or rollers comprising a steel surface. On the contrary, those rollers towards which the rollers 1 are pressed by a component or resultant of the magnet attractive force can be of any desired material. With the exception of the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6 and FIG. 2, these are the rollers 2 having a coating 6 of any desired, usually soft, material and any desired surface. In the embodiments according to FIGS. 5, 6 and 20, those rollers towards which the rollers I pulled by the magnet body are pressed are also of magnetizable material which, in their turn, are pulled by a magnet body. These two rollers 1 are also pressed to each other, i.e. under the action of a component of the direct magnetic force. This pressure of the rollers 1 towards the rollers 2 or the rollers 1 between each other is the essential feature of the invention which can be described as indirect magnetic pressure.

In most embodiments the magnet bodies are magnet bars 3. They are bar-shaped magnet bodies extending over the machine breadth (material breadth) consisting usually of a plurality of single magnets following each other in direction on the machine breadth (material breadth), the poles or pole shoes (N,S) of alternately different polarity of said single magnets projecting into the pole faces 3. Preferably the magnet rollers (e.g. the magnet roller 25 of the embodiment according to FIG. 19) will also have alternately different polarities in the direction of the machine breadth (material breadth) on their surfaces.

The magnet bodies may consist of electromagnets or of permanent magnets.

In the embodiments described, the axes of the rollers are horizontal. The described systems may also be realized having vertical roller axes. Thus the weight of the rollers is merely determined by the magnetic forces acting in the system without any gravitational influence.

What is claimed is:

1. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter-rollers of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and a component of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet means lying in a plane connecting respectively the axes of said roller of magnetizable material and one of said counter rollers.

2. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter rollers of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and the components of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet means lying in intersecting planes connecting respectively the axes of each of said counter rollers and said roller of magnetizable material. I

3. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnet forces comprising at least two spacedapart rollers of magnetizable material, and magnet means operatively interposed in a longitudinally extended direction generally between each of said two rollers and exerting a magnetic attractive force therebetween, said magnet means lying generally on the plane which intersects the axes of said two rollers; at least one of said two rollers of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engageable with each of a pair of counter rollers which are disposed parallel with and at equally spaced distances from opposite sides of said magnetizable roller and from said magnet means so that opposite components of the magnetic attractive force existing between said magnet means and said two spaced rollers of magnetizable material lay in intersecting planes connecting the axes of said counter rollers respectively with the axis of said roller of magnetizable material with which they respectively engage.

4. A calender device as defined in claim 3 wherein said counter-rollers have non-magnetic peripheral surfaces.

5. A calender device as defined in claim 1 further including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material and spaced apart with their axes in parallel and coordinated with said at least two counter rollers and with said magnet means to form a closed static system; said magnet means including a plurality of magnet pole surfaces disposed to exert a radially directed magnetic attractive force respectively on each of said plurality of adjacent rollers of magnetizable material; and each of said rollers ofmagnetizable material operatively biasing peripherally against a pair of equidistantly and adjacently disposed pair of counter rollers; and at least one pair of the various pairs of counter rollers constitute the said one pair of counter rollers in claim 1.

6. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said plurality of magnetizable rollers is two, and they are arranged and coordinated with said pair of counter rollers so as to each commonly operatively engage therewith in a peripherally encircling manner around said magnet means.

7. A calender device as defined in claim 6 further including a series of said pairs of rollers and encircled magnet means arranged with the axes of said pairs of counter-rollers in alignment with one another, wherein at least one of each pair of said counter rollers is common to and serves as part of the pair of the adjacent pair of aligned counter rollers.

8. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said rollers and magnet means are of a predetermined length and including means for mounting same so that said rollers and magnet means resist bending and are subjected to only minimal deflection.

9. A calender device as defined in claim 8 wherein the means for mounting said rollers include means for adjustable mounting said counter rollers to correspondingly compensate for varying thickness of material to be treated.

10. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein the plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material is three and they are arranged peripherially at equal distant spaces relative to one another and their respective pair of counter rollers; with said magnet means disposed centrally therebetween and exerting a radially inwardly pulling force on said three rollers.

11. A calender device as defined in claim 10 wherein said counter-rollers have non-magnetic peripheral surfaces.

12. A calender device as defined in claim 1 further including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material arranged in a generally circular manner and spaced radially from a parallel and centrally disposed roller of substantially larger diameter also of magnetizable material; said device further including at least another pair of said counter rollers and in sufficient numbers for interspersing one such counter roller generally cireumferentially between and in operative peripheral engagement with each of said circularly disposed rollers of magnetizable material and with said central roller; said magnet means including a plurality of longitudinally extended magnet bodies interposed cireumferentially between each of said counter rollers, and radially inwardly of said circularly disposed rollers of magnetizable material, and concentrically adjacent said central roller, and each of said magnet bodies disposed so as to have opposite pole faces in the radial direction to exert radially inward magnetic attractive forces on each of said rollers of magnetizable material so as to operatively bias against said adjacently disposed counter rollers and material being treated as passing therebetween whereby opposite components of the magnetic attractive force between each of said circularly arranged circumferentially spaced rollers of magnetizable material and their adjacent magnet bodies lie in intersecting planes connecting said axes of said adjacent counter rollers respectively with the axis of the particular roller.

13. A calender device as defined in claim 12 wherein said counter rollers have non-magnetic outer peripheral surfaces.

14. A calender device as defined in claim 12 including means for mounting all of said rollers for relative rotation about their respective center axes.

15. A calender device as defined in claim 12 wherein said magnet bodies are non-rotating magnet bars extending substantially the breadth of the machine and rollers therein.

16. A calender device as defined in claim 2 further including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material arranged in circumferentially spaced-apart generally circular manner, and including additional counter rollers in sufficient number and disposed with one counter roller in operative engagement with and between adjacent pairs of said rollers of magnetizable material; said magnet means comprises a circular roller member rotatable about a center axis and centrally disposed concentrically within said circumferentially disposed rollers and counter rollers, said magnet means further having a plurality of pole faces extending in a' longitudinal direction parallel with and operatively adjacent to said rollers of magnetizable material to exert their magnetic attractive forces successively and respectively with respect to each of said rollers of magnetizable material in the manner stated, responsive to operation of the device.

17. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said magnet bodies are non-rotating magnet bars extending substantially the breadth of the machine and rollers therein.

18. A calender device as defined in claim wherein said magnet bodies are non-rotating magnet bars extending substantially the breadth of the machine and rollers therein.

19. A calender device as defined in claim 1 including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material alternately interspersed circumferentially with said counter rollers so that said rollers and counter rollers are spaced equally in a radial direction from a center axis common to all of said rollers, and said magnet means includes a magnet body disposed coaxially with said common center axis and having a plurality of opposite polarity faces extending in the axial direction thereof to exert the magnetic attractive forces at least on the respective rollers of magnetizable material in the manner stated.

20. A calender device as defined in claim 19 wherein the magnet body is provided with elongated concave magnetic pole faces on its radial outer surface corresponding to the number of rollers and counter rollers, each of which rollers are complementally and rotatively disposed adjacent thereto.

21. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto'each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising a plurality of circumferentially alternately disposed coacting primary rollers and counter-rollers disposed concentrically around a central roller of magnetizable material, only said counter rollers peripherally coacting operatively with said center roller during relative rotation of the rollers when the device is in operation and said rollers and counter rollers as individual groups being mounted at uniform but different distances from the axis of said central roller, magnet means in the form of magnets integrally formed in said primary rollers to exert a magnetic attractive force between them and said central roller to bias said primary rollers radially inwardly into operative engagement with said counter rollers, said rollers and counter rollers being relatively disposed so that the opposite components of the magnetic attractive force between said primary rollers and central roller lie in intersecting planes connecting the respective axes of the counter rollers adjacent each primary roller with the axis of said related primary roller.

22. A calender device as defined in claim 21 wherein the counter rollers are mounted on a diameter around said central roller which is less than the diameter on which said primary rollers are mounted.

23. A calender device as defined in claim 21 wherein said counter rollers are provided with nonmagnetic outer peripheral surfaces.

24. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said counter rollers have non-magnetic outer peripheral surfaces.

25. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter-rollers, of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and a component of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet mans lying in a plane connecting respectively the axes of said roller of magnetizable material and one of said rollers, said one roller, counter rollers and magnet means together forming an open loop magnetic circuit whereby the main magnetic flux forcing the one roller towards the counter roller does not pass through the material being treated.

26. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter rollers of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material and the components of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet means lying in intersecting planes connecting respectively the axes of each of said counter rollers and said roller of magnetizable material, said one roller, counter rollers and magnet means together forming an open loop magnetic circuit whereby the main magnetic flux forcing the one roller towards the counter rollers does not pass through the material being treated. 

1. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller meaNs exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter-rollers of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and a component of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet means lying in a plane connecting respectively the axes of said roller of magnetizable material and one of said counter rollers.
 1. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller meaNs exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter-rollers of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and a component of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet means lying in a plane connecting respectively the axes of said roller of magnetizable material and one of said counter rollers.
 2. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter rollers of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and the components of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet means lying in intersecting planes connecting respectively the axes of each of said counter rollers and said roller of magnetizable material.
 3. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnet forces comprising at least two spaced-apart rollers of magnetizable material, and magnet means operatively interposed in a longitudinally extended direction generally between each of said two rollers and exerting a magnetic attractive force therebetween, said magnet means lying generally on the plane which intersects the axes of said two rollers; at least one of said two rollers of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engageable with each of a pair of counter rollers which are disposed parallel with and at equally spaced distances from opposite sides of said magnetizable roller and from said magnet means so that opposite components of the magnetic attractive force existing between said magnet means and said two spaced rollers of magnetizable material lay in intersecting planes connecting the axes of said counter rollers respectively with the axis of said roller of magnetizable material with which they respectively engage.
 4. A calender device as defined in claim 3 wherein said counter-rollers have non-magnetic peripheral surfaces.
 5. A calender device as defined in claim 1 further including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material and spaced apart with their axes in parallel and coordinated with said at least two counter rollers and with said magnet means to form a closed static system; said magnet means including a plurality of magnet pole surfaces disposed to exert a radially directed magnetic attractive force respectively on each of said plurality of adjacent rollers of magnetizable material; and each of said rollers of magnetizable material operatively biasing peripherally against a pair of equidistantly and adjacently disposed pair of counter rollers; and at least one pair of the various pairs of counter rollers constitute the said one pair of counter rollers in claim
 1. 6. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said plurality of magnetizable rollers is two, and they are arranged and coordinated with said pair of counter rollers so as to each commonly operatively engage therewith in a peripherally encircling manner around said magnet means.
 7. A calender device as defined in claim 6 further including a series of said pairs of rollers and encircled magnet means arranged with the axes of said pairs of Counter-rollers in alignment with one another, wherein at least one of each pair of said counter rollers is common to and serves as part of the pair of the adjacent pair of aligned counter rollers.
 8. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said rollers and magnet means are of a predetermined length and including means for mounting same so that said rollers and magnet means resist bending and are subjected to only minimal deflection.
 9. A calender device as defined in claim 8 wherein the means for mounting said rollers include means for adjustable mounting said counter rollers to correspondingly compensate for varying thickness of material to be treated.
 10. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein the plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material is three and they are arranged peripherially at equal distant spaces relative to one another and their respective pair of counter rollers; with said magnet means disposed centrally therebetween and exerting a radially inwardly pulling force on said three rollers.
 11. A calender device as defined in claim 10 wherein said counter-rollers have non-magnetic peripheral surfaces.
 12. A calender device as defined in claim 1 further including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material arranged in a generally circular manner and spaced radially from a parallel and centrally disposed roller of substantially larger diameter also of magnetizable material; said device further including at least another pair of said counter rollers and in sufficient numbers for interspersing one such counter roller generally circumferentially between and in operative peripheral engagement with each of said circularly disposed rollers of magnetizable material and with said central roller; said magnet means including a plurality of longitudinally extended magnet bodies interposed circumferentially between each of said counter rollers, and radially inwardly of said circularly disposed rollers of magnetizable material, and concentrically adjacent said central roller, and each of said magnet bodies disposed so as to have opposite pole faces in the radial direction to exert radially inward magnetic attractive forces on each of said rollers of magnetizable material so as to operatively bias against said adjacently disposed counter rollers and material being treated as passing therebetween whereby opposite components of the magnetic attractive force between each of said circularly arranged circumferentially spaced rollers of magnetizable material and their adjacent magnet bodies lie in intersecting planes connecting said axes of said adjacent counter rollers respectively with the axis of the particular roller.
 13. A calender device as defined in claim 12 wherein said counter rollers have non-magnetic outer peripheral surfaces.
 14. A calender device as defined in claim 12 including means for mounting all of said rollers for relative rotation about their respective center axes.
 15. A calender device as defined in claim 12 wherein said magnet bodies are non-rotating magnet bars extending substantially the breadth of the machine and rollers therein.
 16. A calender device as defined in claim 2 further including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material arranged in circumferentially spaced-apart generally circular manner, and including additional counter rollers in sufficient number and disposed with one counter roller in operative engagement with and between adjacent pairs of said rollers of magnetizable material; said magnet means comprises a circular roller member rotatable about a center axis and centrally disposed concentrically within said circumferentially disposed rollers and counter rollers, said magnet means further having a plurality of pole faces extending in a longitudinal direction parallel with and operatively adjacent to said rollers of magnetizable material to exert their magnetic attractive forces successively and respectively with respect to each of said rollers of magnetizable material in the manNer stated, responsive to operation of the device.
 17. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said magnet bodies are non-rotating magnet bars extending substantially the breadth of the machine and rollers therein.
 18. A calender device as defined in claim 10 wherein said magnet bodies are non-rotating magnet bars extending substantially the breadth of the machine and rollers therein.
 19. A calender device as defined in claim 1 including a plurality of said rollers of magnetizable material alternately interspersed circumferentially with said counter rollers so that said rollers and counter rollers are spaced equally in a radial direction from a center axis common to all of said rollers, and said magnet means includes a magnet body disposed coaxially with said common center axis and having a plurality of opposite polarity faces extending in the axial direction thereof to exert the magnetic attractive forces at least on the respective rollers of magnetizable material in the manner stated.
 20. A calender device as defined in claim 19 wherein the magnet body is provided with elongated concave magnetic pole faces on its radial outer surface corresponding to the number of rollers and counter rollers, each of which rollers are complementally and rotatively disposed adjacent thereto.
 21. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising a plurality of circumferentially alternately disposed coacting primary rollers and counter-rollers disposed concentrically around a central roller of magnetizable material, only said counter rollers peripherally coacting operatively with said center roller during relative rotation of the rollers when the device is in operation and said rollers and counter rollers as individual groups being mounted at uniform but different distances from the axis of said central roller, magnet means in the form of magnets integrally formed in said primary rollers to exert a magnetic attractive force between them and said central roller to bias said primary rollers radially inwardly into operative engagement with said counter rollers, said rollers and counter rollers being relatively disposed so that the opposite components of the magnetic attractive force between said primary rollers and central roller lie in intersecting planes connecting the respective axes of the counter rollers adjacent each primary roller with the axis of said related primary roller.
 22. A calender device as defined in claim 21 wherein the counter rollers are mounted on a diameter around said central roller which is less than the diameter on which said primary rollers are mounted.
 23. A calender device as defined in claim 21 wherein said counter rollers are provided with non-magnetic outer peripheral surfaces.
 24. A calender device as defined in claim 5 wherein said counter rollers have non-magnetic outer peripheral surfaces.
 25. A calender device for the surface treatment of material moved between roller and counter-roller means exerting a pressure onto each other under the action of magnetic forces, comprising at least one roller of magnetizable material and magnet means extending adjacent said roller exerting a magnetic attractive force directly thereon, said roller of magnetizable material operatively peripherally engaged with at least two parallel disposed counter-rollers, of which one each is disposed at opposite sides of and equally spaced from said magnet means and said one roller of magnetizable material, and a component of the magnetic attractive force between said roller of magnetizable material and said magnet mans lying in a plane connecting respectively the axes of said roller of magnetizable material and one of said rollers, said one roller, counter rollers and magnet means together forming an open loop magnetic circuit whereby the main magnetic flux forcing the one roller towards the counter roller does not pass Through the material being treated. 